Inditex Report Essay Essay Example

Inditex Report Essay Essay IntroductionThe purpose and aims of composing this study is to analyze the concern schemes or theoretical accounts adopted by the Inditex Group and to reexamine whether this schemes will back up its operation in carry throughing their future duty. Furthermore. it aims to measure the strategic option of the organisation in either from a corporate scheme position or strategic concern unit ( SBU ) perspective that could be adopted by the Inditex Group. This study will besides foreground the vision. mission and aims of the Inditex Group Company. In add-on. the study will travel farther by accessing the group human resources and direction in order to clearly nail any direction alterations in the organisation. if there is any. and to cognize who the direction are and their place in the determination doing procedure of the company. In order to accomplish the rule aims of this study. the study will be categorised into Internal and External analysis. This is done in order to to the full analy ze the current place of Inditex Group in the market from all positions. besides to entree if Inditex is a healthy company to put in. and besides accessing the current strategic adopted by the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Inditex Report Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Inditex Report Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Inditex Report Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The company Internal analysis will be based on the followers ; Fiscal Analysis: This will concentrate on all the fiscal facet of the company. Human resources and Management Analysis: focal point on the direction system of the company. Market Analysis: This will concentrate on the company’s current market place. Operations Analysis: This will concentrate on how and where the company execute it daily activities. Prioritized Strength: This will analyze the strengths of the company internally. Prioritized Failing: This will analyze the internal failing of the company that can impede them from accomplishing their ends. The company External analysis will be based on the followers ; Pestel Analysis: this will analyze the possible influence of the failure or success of the company strategies. Porter 5 forces: this will assist in analyzing the manner of attraction of the Clothing Industry. Critical Success Factors ( CSF’s ) : This will concentrate on some alone resources that make the company successful. Prioritized Opportunity: Prioritized Menace: Company: Inditex Group.The Inditex Group Company. a fabric design Industries is a Spanish Multinational vesture company. Inditex have its headquartered based in Arteixo. Galicia in Spain. The Inditex Group was founded and created by Amancio Ortega Gaona the wealthiest adult male in Spain and 3rd richest adult male in the universe in 1985 and by 2001 they went public and listed on the Bolsa de Madrid stock exchange market1. The Inditex Group which is now considered as the world’s largest vesture dress company in footings of gross revenues is made up of over 100 companies runing in fabric designs. fabrication. and distributions. Inditex presently have 8 strategic concern units runing in four geographical market segments2 which includes Spain. These strategic concern units includes ; Bershka. Massimo Dutti. Oysho. Pull A ; Bear. Stradivarius. Uterque. Zara. and Zara Home. Inditex strategic concern units jointly occupied about 6249 shops in 86 markets. Company Vision: Good Faith. Dialogue. and Transparency. Company Mission: Is to react with legerity to the demands of the market. This means that Inditex concentrate extremely on the customers’ demands and combines these demands with high grade of perpendicular integrating across all their concern country. Internal AnalysisFiscal Analysis:The cardinal net income driver for Inditex Group Company is Zara. lending 66. 11 % of the entire net gross revenues and 68. 5 % per square meter in 2012. while Bershka comes 2nd with 9. 31 % of entire net gross revenues in 2012. In footings of geographical part. the Europe ( excepting Spain ) . and Spain accounted for 45 % and 21 % of the entire net gross revenues severally. While the Americas and Asia ( Including remainder of the universe ) represents a important lower sum of 14 % and 20 % severally. In 2012 saw Inditex Group shops increases massively from 4264 shops in 2008 to 6009 shops in 2012. This shows an addition of 40. 92 % in shops from 2008 to 2012. Inditex Group Profitability. Liquidity and EfficiencyNet gross revenues additions twelvemonth over twelvemonth from 2008 to 2012. This shows an addition of 10. 3 % from 2007-2008. 6. 2 % addition from 2008-2009. 13. 40 % from 2009-2010. 10. 2 % from 2010-2011. and 15. 61 % from 2011-2012. This is boosted by the addition of gross revenues. higher net incomes margin and Numberss of new shops opened3. Overall. net gross revenues show an addition of 53. 22 % . While the Net net income soared by a monolithic 87. 26 % between 2008-2012. Prior to this. Inditex growing rate has maintained an norm of 16 % gross revenues growing and net income of 12 % for the past 10 old ages. The diminishing form of ROCE from 2008-2009. and besides in 2011 is due to a proportionate addition of operating disbursals. The Gross Profit Margin ( GP % ) has seen a slow addition from 2008-2012. This is due to the slower addition of cost of gross revenues ( COS ) . EBITDA additions by 20 % when compared to the old ol d ages and EBIT besides increased by 24 % when compared to the old old ages. DebtsA really low geared company. as Inditex Group Company managed to pay back some significant sum of debts through hard currency militias. The Group has 0. 08 % of debt to capital ratio which means that the company pay small attending when it comes to utilizing debts to finance undertakings. Investors Related Market Capitalization of 66. 883 bn euro.Share monetary value 106 euro as at 06/03/14Net incomes per portion has been increasing important from 2008-2012. Dividend per portion increased by 12. 5 % from 2011 to 2012.Inditex Group Company has a slow addition of gross revenues volumes over the old ages ; while some of the cardinal ratios reported a diminution form during some period. Inditex largely depends on the Europe excepting Spain and Spain market. nevertheless. with an optimistic hereafter growing in the Asia market. The company besides has a low geartrain ratio which gives them more fiscal border in footings of future enlargement. Support Inditex Group Company financess for its company through the issue of ordinary portion equity. debt funding. recognition installations and self-financing. The company have been profitable over the twelvemonth which makes them assumed sensible duty of non procuring adequate debt to finance its operations. So hence. in footings of liquidness. the company is non exposed to any important liquidness hazard as it maintains sufficient hard currency and hard currency equivalent which meet the escapes of its day-to-day operations. More so. the group are non as concerned about recognition hazard as they have a policy in topographic point that cover any gross revenues franchises and as their bulk of gross is made from retail gross revenues. so they make usage of hard currency aggregations or recognition payment. Inditex Group Company besides financess its concern by puting in marketable securities which includes short and long term debts with a adulthood of 90 yearss and 12 months severally. Thi s helps the Group in run intoing its short term duties. The group besides have near to 50 % bets in each of the five Economic Interest Groups they invest in. these groups are involves in leasing of assets. Human Resources and ManagementInditex is a multi-cultural and multi-racial company with 120. 314 employees and besides created about 10. 802 occupations in 2012. 82 % of Inditex staffs works under an indefinite contract. In footings of its multi-cultural lineage. Inditex employees are of over 130 nationalities and 45 working linguistic communications. Inditex has a immature work force with an mean age of 31 old ages old and 78. 7 % of its employees are females. Pablo Isla Alvarez de Tejera is the Chairman and Chief Executive Chairman of Inditex Group Company along with his Deputy Jose Amau Sierra has transformed the manner industry and created the world’s largest vesture and dress company in footings of gross. and the besides developed a strong distribution theoretical account which helped the group to understate their design to distribution procedure within a hebdomad. Overall. the Inditex board consist of 9 managers which include 4 executives’ managers and 5 non-executives managers. Inditex Group Company operates a multidivisional construction which helps them in back uping their planetary operations. At Inditex. the board of managers are the highest determination shaper ; they supervise and control the organic structure of the company apart from the affairs that were reserved to the general meeting of the stockholders. Inditex board of managers are besides intrusting with way. disposal. direction and representative of the company and direction of the daily activities of the company to the executives. They besides manage the squad and concentrating its attempts on general supervision map which include directing Inditex policy. doing relevant determinations and moving as a nexus with the stockholders of the company. Market AnalysisMarkets and sectionMost attractive market section is Asia marketMarket section by age. Young and in-between age group.MerchandisesInditex have changeless alterations to its merchandises lines.They have indistinguishable merchandises in all market sections.Inditex maintain wellness and safety merchandises standard4.Customers’ orientation: they analyse customers’ feedbacks in order to be able to place client tendencies. Monetary valueInditex has a standard monetary value in all markets sections.The pricing could be different in footings of exchange rate factors due to globalisation. It besides gives seasonal discount5 like December gross revenues.Inditex monetary value is considered to be medium with an exclusion of Massimo Dutti. Inditex Amongst Competition. PromotionInditex has a rigorous policy and zero advertizement.Online web site for each concern unit which consistently updates It has an Affinity card for clients: this influences customers’ loyalty6. It communicates with its clients through societal webs. Topographic pointLocation: All of Inditex shops all located at the chief shopping streets. A alone design which is influence by the civilization of the markets. A show tailored of the merchandiseThey have first-class clients serviceOnline shops for all its 8 concern units available in some major country7 The cardinal scheme of the Inditex selling sections are performed through customers’ orientation and satisfaction. Inditex chief sale-point is where directors received feedbacks from clients. the directors so report to the design sections in order to place and carried out what the customers’ value. Another factor that did the fast one for Inditex is their glamourous shops. where customers’ entree its latest merchandises which are ever updated four times in a month. The merchandise lifecycle and BCG matrix as you can see on the charts indicates an accurate reconciliation place within the Inditex portfolio. However. since merely one concern unit is placed on as a Cash Cow. so hence. legion investings might be needed so as to transform the Question Marks into Stars. Inditex Product Lifecycle. Inditex BCG MATRIX. Operation Analysis:Value Chain- Primary ActivitiesApproximately 1000 interior decorators are responsible for recognizing any alterations in manner and they are in charge of developing new theoretical accounts to fulfill customers’ desires. Most of the production takes topographic point in the Group’s ain mill. The group take full duty control of cloths supply. marker and film editing of the cloths till the finish goods. Over 50 per centum of Inditex fabrication is carried out by local providers. By the terminal of 2012. Inditex already had a sum of 1434 providers and all providers must hold to adhere to Inditex Code of Conduct. The cost of ware includes the cost of natural stuffs and consumables8. The Inditex Group has its ain logistic Centre. where all production is received and carried out. and so distributed to assorted shops worldwide9. Inditex operates 8 logistic Centres. at least one for each trade names and all of which are in Spain. Stores play important functio ns in Inditex concern model10. Value Chain- Secondary ActivitiesResearch and Development utilizing advanced technology11.Operates fabrication and procurement12.Research and Development of eco-efficiency13.Human Resources and Management14.Firm Infrastructure15.Corporate Social Responsibility16.Joint ventures and Strategic Alliances17. Inditex alone direction concern theoretical account is based on flexibleness and invention. and its vision of manner along with quality design and creativeness. together with a rapid response to clients demand has resulted in Inditex fast international enlargement and an first-class public presentation of its commercial formats. Inditex concern theoretical account is centred to its clients. shops. design/production. squads. and logistics. However Inditex group adopted a high grade of perpendicular integrating concern theoretical account when compared to its rivals. This allows Inditex to cover all stages of its manner procedure which includes design. industry. logistics and distribution. The group besides incorporated a grade of flexibleness construction with a strong focal point on customers’ demands in all its concern countries. Inditex views societal and environmental variables as a strategic factor for growing and sustenance for clients demand. The key to Inditex theoretic al account is its ability of go toing to clients desires in a shortest sum of clip possible. This is a cardinal value added activities of the Inditex group Company. Inditex Business Model Structure. Inditex Logistics Centres Prioritized StrengthsInditex is the universe largest vesture and dress company in footings of gross. Inditex has a great organisation cognition and expertness. This stands for alone resources and nucleus competencies of the company. It besides has a strong concern theoretical account ( core competency ) It has strong trade name ( alone resource )Inditex has a diversifying selling scheme ( core competency ) Prioritized WeaknessInditex depend on one planetary trade name ( Zara which generate 66. 11 % of its entire gross ) . It besides depends on two geographical parts ( Europe excepting Spain and Spain ) . Inditex is exposed to trade good rising prices. It has a centralized logistic Centre which may do some jobs in future enlargement. High preparation cost. External AnalysisP. E. S. T. E. L AnalysisPoliticalGlobal trade agreement18National trade relationship19Value added revenue enhancement ( VAT ) and foreign revenue enhancement policies.Change in authorities.Pressure group20.EconomicExchange rate: related to GBP. Us dollars. Nipponese Hankering: As the crisis in Europe country might do the Euro to be weaker than the Yen. so the company is likely to hold exchange loss. Year on twelvemonth alteration in GDP21. Fiscal market uncertainness.UnemploymentCommodity monetary value rising pricess: for case. the fuel monetary value addition in the Middle East due to the civil agitation may impact the company borders and besides increase the cost of transit. Inflation22 and Interest rate23. Socio-CulturalSocial dimension. corporate societal responsibility24 and reputes. Consumers’ ailments.Changes in consumers penchants.Changes in life styles and tendencies. New tendencies among the younger coevals in Europe and America. TechnologySpending on research and developmentInformation systemEco-efficiency25Tocopherol commerce26EnvironmentalKyoto protocolWaste and Recycling: more focal point on the attending of countries such as sustainable development. The consequence of planetary clime to the production of organic cotton. Toxic chemicals: this includes C footmark. LegalEmployment jurisprudence: this has something to make with Child labor and regulations and ordinances that relate to labor. Consumer jurisprudence: this respects jurisprudence and ordinance which relates to manners and vesture Patents and hallmarks Supplier rightsHealth and safety jurisprudence European companies will be assisted by the abolishment of fabric and vesture import quotas ( ATC ) in order to come in into the emerging market of Asia which doubtless counted for a immense important sum of the population of the universe. However. due to the uncertainnesss associated with political and economic state of affairss. this could increase the hazard of farther enlargement schemes. Although the monetary value of cotton has increases by more than $ 5 over the old ages while unemployment has risen high particularly in Greece and Spain with 28 % and 26 % severally which force fabric companies to potentially increase their market monetary values. while disposable income on vesture has lessening because the on-going job in the Eurozone consumer gives negatives signal to consumers which affect their assurance. but the confident degree in the emerging market ( Asia ) is optimistic. However. the monetary value deflation of fabrics which has been dated back to the 1990s boulder clay the start of the fiscal crisis. the change by reversaling tendencies now after the fiscal crisis have an consequence on the overall productiveness of the dress industry positively. Porters 5 ForcesMenaces of New EntrantsThere is economic of graduated tablesIt involves big capital investingThere is a trade name trueness in the industryThere is a merchandise distinctionPatent and protection dutiesModerate force which can be overcomeMenace of SubstitutePrice/performance ratioInditex other trade namesThere is zero exchanging costWeak forceThe Bargaining Power of BuyerDecentralized and Centralized BuyerThere is a low shift costThere is zero purchaser competition menaceModerate forceThe Bargaining Power of BuyerThere is fewer provider in the industryThere is a low provider competition menaceSuppliers of fabric and natural stuffsWeak forceCompetitive CompetitionThere is bing retail merchants every bit sizedSlow growing in the dress industryGreat distinctionModerate forceThree moderate forces and two weak forces make the vesture and dress industry unattractive for new rivals to interrupt into the industry. However. alterations to replace depends on the consumersâ€℠¢ penchants harmonizing to their perceptual experience of gustatory sensation. manner and budget. therefore it is high to exchange to other suppliers. Competitive competition is the strongest force assisted by the slow growing of the market. Prioritized OpportunityThere is still room to turn in the emerging market in this industry. Theabolishment of quotasOrganic market developmentTechnological InventionNew strategic AlliancePrioritized MenacesThere is high competitory competition in the industryThere is slow market growing in the industryAddition in trade good rising pricesChanges in consumers’ gustatory sensation or tendenciesExchange rates. Corporate SchemeStrategic PositionZara which is Inditex chief beginning of gross because of the sum it generated in footings of gross revenues is ranked on the 4th option of the Bowman strategic clock. it implement a wide distinction scheme. It offers merchandises to clients at an low-cost and sensible monetary value or a small higher because of its good perceptual experience of quality. enriches customers’ satisfaction and trueness. However. the first-class deployment of its alone resources and its nucleus competencies assist Zara to considered as the first mover in the industry27. One of its cardinal value added activities is its focal point on customers’ demands and a changeless alteration in its merchandise lines whilst keeping the same degree of monetary value allows Zara to accomplish a competitory advantage. Inditex has expanded and grown. harmonizing to the Ansoff matrix. By merchandise development: ( EcoFootDesign ) Systematic alterations in merchandises line a nd invention. Market incursion: it has increase portions of its cardinal bing markets. Market development: in 2010 saw Uterque one of Inditex concern unit opens its first shop in Russia which besides pave manner for Zara place and Zara to follow through. By related and unrelated Diversification: Zara and Massimo Dutti entered into the Indian market in 201028 and 201329 severally and Inditex enters the furniture retail industry30 through unrelated variegation. Inditex method of prosecuting its schemes. Organic development: Inditex uninterrupted public presentation and invention is acquired through their cognition and experience harmonizing to their bing resource and capablenesss. Through Acquisition and Takeover: in 1995-1996. Inditex acquired the whole of Massimo Dutti in a 100 % acquisition. Form a Strategic Alliance: A Joint Venture with the Tata Group to open the first Massimo Dutti shops in New Delhi. India. Inditex licence to other companies: production of finished goods through external providers. The Inditex Group Company adopted a parenting function by supplying a clear vision of its company objectives. it besides assists employees by supplying uninterrupted preparation and facilitating. and heightening through synergisms. Improvement in all Inditex sections is as a consequence of a great focal point in public presentation rating and monitoring. Inditex adopted different portfolio direction for each of its concern units. Harmonizing to the consequences of the strategic analysis. fiscal analysis. and SWOT analysis above. it has been good documented that the Inditex Group Company has a strong portfolio which make the company probably to get the better of any future uncertainnesss. as it was grounds in its fiscal public presentation that they keep turning even during the fiscal crisis of 2008-2009. they still achieve a important addition in gross. However. the job which the Inditex Group could be confronting sing their adopted schemes will be the complete dependance of its other seven ( 7 ) concern units which includes Bershka. Massimo Dutti. Oysho. Pull and Bear. Stradivarius. Uterque. and Zara Home over Zara which is the unit that generates over half of its entire gross revenues ( 66. 11 % ) . The Group should besides happen a manner to increase the per centums of gross revenues to geographical part like America which is has the lowest gross revenues geographically and besides in Asia which is an emerging market other than Europe. FUTURE STRATEGIESProposed scheme for the strongest SBU ( Zara )Merchandise development: the company should bring forth better quality of future merchandise lines. Market development: the company should travel on with farther enlargement in Europe market and the US market. Diversification: the company should come in into the dress athletics wear industry. Market incursion: the company should come in into the Australian market. Corporate Market incursion: farther enlargement in the Asia market.Backward integrating: to get a cloth providerConsolidation: weaken concern units should be strengthenForward integrating: fabrication and logistic procedure should be decentralised. Make Nothing: continue with the current operations. MentionsInditex SA. Bloomberg Market. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bloomberg. com/quote/ITX: SM Accessed on 20th of February. 2014. H A ; M ( 2014 ) . â€Å" H A ; M Opens foremost shop in East Asia† [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //about. hectometer. com/en/About/facts-about-hm/people-and-history/history. hypertext markup language Accessed on 23rd of February. 2014. Inditex. ( 2008 ) Inditex one-year study 2008. one-year study 2008. A Coruna: Inditex. Inditex. ( 2009 ) Inditex one-year study 2008. one-year study 2008. A Coruna: Inditex. Inditex. ( 2010 ) Inditex one-year study 2008. one-year study 2010. A Coruna: Inditex. Inditex. ( 2011 ) Inditex one-year study 2008. one-year study 2011. A Coruna: Inditex. Inditex. ( 2012 ) Inditex one-year study 2008. one-year study 2012. A Coruna: Inditex. Index Mundi. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. indexmundi. com/commodities/ ? commodity=cotton Accesse d on 20th of February 2014. Unemployment Statistics. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //epp. eurostat. European Union. Europa. eu/statistics_explained/index. php/Unemployment_statistics Accessed on 20th February. 2014.Fabric and Clothing. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. companiesandmarkets. com/MarketInsight/Textiles-and-Clothing/Global-Apparel-Industry/NI7468 Accessed on 22nd of February. 2014.The Economics Times. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //articles. economictimes. indiatimes. com/2013-04-29/news/38904773_1_brand-massimo-dutti-foreign-investment-promotion-board Accessed on 24th of February. 2014.

Essay on How to Sell a House Fast in a Slow Real Estate Market

Essay on How to Sell a House Fast in a Slow Real Estate Market Essay on How to Sell a House Fast in a Slow Real Estate Market Essay on How to Sell a House Fast in a Slow Real Estate MarketWhen there is a need to sell a real estate property, there are two ways the seller can choose: sell the property on ones own or hire a real estate agent. Selling the property personally might be more efficient in terms of price and profit; however, this process will likely require a lot of time and effort. Hiring a real estate agent will increase sale costs, but this decision will help save time and resources (Bronchick Cooper, 2008). In addition, real estate agents have access to a wider pool of potential buyers compared to sellers selling on their own (Bronchick Cooper, 2008).The decision on whether to hire a real estate agent or not depends on personal preferences: the need to save money, the need to save time, real estate market awareness, awareness of legal regulations pertaining to real estate and experience in performing all necessary procedures associated with the sale. Assuming that the relocation will take plac e in 3 months, it is reasonable to suggest that the key priority will be time and the second priority will be money. Therefore, in the considered case it will be best to hire a real estate agent. However, it is necessary to remember that real estate agents might not always work in the best interests of a seller since their commission is often weakly related to the final sale price and timing (Levitt Syverson, 2007).In order to motivate the real estate agent to act in the sellers best interest, it is necessary to introduce appropriate incentives (Levitt Syverson, 2007). These incentives should be economically aligned with the sellers goals. In the considered case, the key objective is to sell the property within maximum 2.5 months (since time is also needed to prepare the documents and complete the sale). The second objective will be getting maximal price that can be achieved in the current situation.Therefore, the proposed incentives are the following. The agents commission should be divided into 8 parts: 2 parts are paid when the sale is completed (regardless of sale conditions), 3 parts are paid if the sale is completed within 2.5 months (so the agent is motivated to sell the house in time) and the remaining 3 parts are paid if the price exceeds a pre-determined level (which should be chosen slightly above average market rate) and takes place on time. In this case, the agent is strongly motivated to sell the house on time and is also quite motivated to sell the house at a high price, so he or she will act in the sellers best interests identified in this case.

Land law problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Land law problem - Essay Example As this is pertinent to both the issue of Jennifer's intended severance and the right of survivorship, it is important to establish that joint tenancy existed. Joint tenancy, as noted in the preceding, holds that each tenant' has an identical interest in the whole of the property, as determined through the four unities of title, interest, possession and time. Under common law, unity of interest is present despite the unequal financial contributions of both parties because conveyance was to both as "beneficial joint tenants." Unity of title is similarly present as both Jennifer and Clarissa received their interest in Maple Leaf under the same conveyance. The same applies to unity of time since both received their share under the same conveyance in fee simple and their titles were vested at the same time. Further, unity of possession also holds as both parties are entitled to the possession of the whole of Maple Leaf and neither Jennifer nor Clarissa may exclude the other as a joint tenant. In further affirmation of the fact that the joint tenancy exists, it is important to clarify that nothing in the case study indicates that the conveyance contains an explicit/express declaration of how Jennifer and Clarissa should hold equitable interests in Maple Leaf. Such declarations are absolute (Goodman v Gallant (1986) Fam 106) and conclusively rebut any presumptions to the contrary. As no such declaration is present, however, one can affirm that neither of the two husbands has a right to the property and that Jennifer's statement, albeit written, does not constitute an act as severance as would convert a joint tenancy into a tenancy in common. First, as regards the question of severance, one may affirm that despite Jennifer's very clear intent, severance was not concluded in this case. In accordance with Section 36(2) Law Property Act 1925, there are four legally recognized methods for severance. The first of these is the actions which any one of the joint beneficial tenants may take operating on his/her share. As per case law, any of the tenants is at liberty to dispose of his/her share in a way that would severe it from the joint tenancy. In Nielson v Fedden (1975), Justice Walton found that a unilateral declaration did not constitute such an act as it did not shatter any of the unities and, hence, did not sever the joint tenancy. Within the context of the stated, Jennifer's statement does not constitute a severance in accordance with the first method. A second method for severance is by mutual agreement as in Burgess v Rawnsley (1975). A third method involves the parties acting, for a sufficiently extended period, as if the property were a tenancy in common, as in Palmer v Rich (1897) but not Greenfield v Greenfield (1979). In the first, the parties acted as if the property in question was a tenancy in common for an extended period but in the second, the parties simply divided the property into two maisonettes and the interests of both were not treated as a tenancy in common for a sufficiently extended period. As regards, Maple Leaf, neither of these two methods, whether severance by mutual agreement nor acting as if it were a tenancy in

Differences Between Concrete and Virtual Manipulatives in Preparing Thesis

Differences Between Concrete and Virtual Manipulatives in Preparing 10th Grade Math Students for Standardized Tests - Thesis Example PAPPAS Montclair State University Montclair, NJ June 2012 ______________________________________ Thesis advisor: Dr. Ken Wolff Copyright  © 2012 by John G. Pappas. All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there were any differences in student achievement when students had the use of either concrete (also called physical) manipulatives or virtual manipulatives while studying the same mathematical topic at the 10th grade level. The topics were aligned with the objectives defined by the New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Standards and included problems typical to those found on standardized tests such as the New Jersey High School Proficiency Assessment (HSPA). Years ago, mathematics instructors would implement techniques incorporating concrete manipulatives to facilitate the students’ understanding of concepts through the engagement of the senses. Apart from the traditional writing on the board, topics would become more simplified and even exciting when instructors utilized visual, audio and kinesthetic tools for young students to grasp mathematics more readily. Use of concrete manipulatives in the classroom such as cuisenaire rods, mini cubes, patterned blocks, fraction slices, base-ten blocks, and square tiles enabled students to forge relationships with the abstract thus assisting students in observing a more practical application of mathematics. Since the 21st century, however, it was found that these instruments are too elementary especially when instructors attempt to re-introduce the same concepts to upper level high school or even college students. Also in the technological age when computers continue to evolve and pervade the classroom, students are averting their attention to more virtual presentations. As such, programmes on virtual manipulatives have been engineered to stimulate learning, engage and encourage the youth to be technology-savvy. By testing the different contributions of both concrete and virtual manipulatives in a 10th grade setting, findings would confirm the advantages and even disadvantages of each technique for this particular age bracket (15-16 years). It was expected that concrete manipulatives be more effective for younger minds in elementary school than with an older studentship. Moreover, it was estimated that the virtual manipulatives would be best suited for the upper students in view of the sweeping popularity of computers in the classroom and their familiarity with items of a technological nature. Standardized tests are referred to those compulsory assessments taken at the termination of every school year by students. These examinations determine the success rate of students to understand subject taught, of teachers and by extension schools to communicate information to produce high-achieving students. The effectiveness of standardized tests is very hotly debated especially with the implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act (2001). On one hand , standardized tests regard use the results of specifically stated standards to measure proficiency levels of students in Mathematics,

Age of the Image Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Age of the Image - Essay Example This paper analyzes the image Omayra Sanchez by Frank Fournier. Omayra Sanchez was a 13-year-old girl was one of the victims of the 1985 Nevado del Ruiz volcano that took place in Columbia. The analysis will show the tremendous impact of the image in defining Omayra Sanchez, the Columbian government, and the photographer (BBC 1). The Nevado del Ruiz volcano is a living stratovolcano that generates deadly volcanic mudflows in Colombia (The Famous Pictures Collection 1). In November 13, 1985, the Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupted leading to a blanket of ash that covered the town of Armero and buried villages with mud (The Famous Pictures Collection 1). The image relates to the Age of the Image that defines the transformation of literacy through the ages leading to the interaction between words and images in modern culture (Apkon and Martin 1). Indeed, upon publication, the "Agony of Omayra SÃ ¡nchez" had tremendous impact due to the controversy and information it derived about the Colom bia government, humanitarian organizations, Omayra SÃ ¡nchez, and Frank Fournier (Obviousmag 1). The photographer’s role and the Colombian government’s inaction were aspects that dominated the publication of the "Agony of Omayra SÃ ¡nchez." Buried up to her waist in concrete debris from her own home and submerged up to her neck in freezing water, the 13-year girl manifested profound courage and dignity as she agonized for about 60 hours (BBC 1). The photo depicted her pasty-white shriveled hands and bloodshot eyes.

Presidency Research Paper: Washington

Presidency Research Paper: Washington Spencer Douglas   In America, we have a very structured and systematic government. This government has multiple layers that are intertwined and connected. The greatest of these layers are the three branches of government: the judicial, the legislative, and the executive. The most prominent of these three, in the eyes of the people, is the executive branch, or in others words the president. In our country, a long line of succession of leaders have been the heads of country running it as they see fit. Like any succession, the presidential succession is no different in the fact that it has to have a beginning. This, is where George Washington, our first president comes. George set the stage for what a president was for the people, for the government, and to the rest of the world. George Washington literally set the physically definition of what a president is for others to follow in his name, or against his name. Through his life choices as a young general, as president, and time stepping down from his p residency, George Washington has earned himself the distinction of being a good president. Georges ambition started at his roots, which was the military. After his fathers passing, George found solace and new guidance in the form of his brother Lawrence. From Lawrence, Washington learned trigonometry and surveying and cultivated a taste for ethics, novels, music, and the theater.[1] Lawrence having served under the military, inspired George to join. Later on in life after Lawrence dies, George steps up to fill the shoes and start his military role. Washington, after having his own tastes of battle, began to have his own preferences of politics. The largest question in politics in Washingtons time was whether or not to support British rule. Washington had two disputes with English officers who viewed their regular-army commissions as superior to that of the Virginia militia commander. These disputes may mark the beginning of Washingtons resentment of British attitudes toward the colonies.1 Once well known, he was appointed to County Justice of the Peace of the county of Fai rfax. Here he enjoyed the ripeness of the American Interests of exploring options and freedom. This increase this resentment for the British even more. Once tensions raised themselves high enough, Washington was elected commander of armed forces, refusing acceptance of pay. After fights of the revolution took their course, it was time for the government to reframe itself to survive, thus begetting the constitution. This lead to Washington becoming our first president. His unanimous election as the first president of the United States was certain before the Constitution was even adopted and, again, he accepted with reluctance.1 Washingtons presidency is rooted with fundamental federalist structure to strengthen our government. Washington helped to establish the capitol of what would be Washington D.C. President Washington decided to strengthen that of the area around him and the position he was in. While the Constitution calls for the creation of executive departments, it only explained that the heads of executive departments were unelected officials who had to answer to the president. Washington defined how these roles would function.[2] Washington set up his own cabinet of advisors to aid him. Unlike many presidents seen as figure heads, Washington the general, never died even after becoming president. Washington personally fought against the Whiskey Rebellion showing the power of the federal government, and emphasizing his role as commander and chief. Washington also established crucial legislature such as but not limited to: The judiciary act, the naturalization act, the bank act, and the salve trade ac t. Washington overall was a very strong presence that both people and the government around him supported. Legacy is something that Washington purely defines, as so much of our world is based on the beginning which was Washington. Washington established his successions place of residence, and their form of advisory council. He supported religious freedom and set up the organization of the Supreme Court. Washingtons main footstep in history was his balanced calculating standard for himself. He considered his power as given by the people and not for his own will to meander with. He always placed restrictions on himself, emphasizing his place as a president, not a dictator or a president. Sadly, much of Washingtons role model-esk moments are not really emphasized today, but his legacy is still established and appreciated by those who know the history. The last bit of information left to Washingtons legacy is the fact that in his farewell address he warned his successors of the presence of political parties. Washingtons Farewell Address, which warned against the baneful effects of the Spirit of Party, encouraged a focus on education and morality, cautioned against sectionalism within the nation, and admonished against entangling foreign alliances, has continued to have influence over American culture and political debates long past when it was first published.2 In conclusion, considering the facts that were aligned in Washingtons times, Washington in every sense of the word, was a good president. He established federal strength, became the peoples unanimous vote twice, and demonstrated what it means to be a well-constructed president and leader. The unique message that set aside Washington form his successors is that he always saw himself as a servant leader and even went out of the way to set up protections for the people against himself. Washington led America to victory over the British. Washington led to America to structure after the articles fell under and no one knew how to take the constitution. Washington, in more poetic terms, was by the people and for the people, using his well-known judgment to discern the best possible choice of action for all. Work Cited Page http://www.history.org/almanack/people/bios/biowash2.cfm http://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/the-first-president/ten-facts-about-washingtons-presidency/ [1] http://www.history.org/almanack/people/bios/biowash2.cfm [2] http://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/the-first-president/ten-facts-about-washingtons-presidency/

History and Effects of Marijuana :: Marijuana Should NOT Be Legal

Marijuana is the common name for the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. Hemp grows in tropical and in warm temperate climates. Dried up grounded leaves and stems have been known for a long period of time to be used as a drug. Through out many different regions in the world and for centuries has been used. Other uses as in medical to relieve symptoms of illness . Throughout its long history, parts of the plant have been smoked, chewed, eaten, and even brewed for it effects on the human biochemistry. Marijuana, having over 400 chemicals and the main chemical, Tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC was noted to be found in the mid-1960s. Marijuana a Spanish name has many other names such as weed, pot, grass, reefer, Mary Jane, and ganja.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The history of marijuana appeared in the early 2700 B.C. in a Chinese manuscript. Explorers to the new world first observed it in 1545. It was considered to be a very useful crop and that the Jamestown settlers in 1607 began its cultivation. Later, Virginia, farmers were actually fined for not growing this plant. From the 17th to the mid 20th century marijuana was considered a household drug used from treating headaches, menstrual cramps, and toothaches. Between the years 1919-1938 a stronger plant was born by American drug companies it was called Cannabis Americana. Marijuana now being a, drug soon became popular among musicians who maintained that smoking gave them the inspiration they needed to play there music. Others began to get addicted to marijuana, it spread world wide to major cities such as Chicago, New York, Paris, and London.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marijuana effects two main parts of the human body, the cardiovascular and the central nervous systems. Low doses of marijuana consists of a sense of well being and drowsiness/relaxation. As the doses increase other effects tend to come in, altered sense of time and sensory awareness, difficulty in memory such as remember last movements. Conversations are cut and thoughts are incomplete and exaggerated laughter also take place when doses are increased. At much higher to extreme doses, paranoia, hallucinations, panic attacks and delusions occur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the cardiovascular system is affected it does damage to the body such as increased heart rate and dilation of eye blood vessels. Marijuana smoking has been proven to raise the risk of heart attacks. Difficulty in body movement and coordination is also a long term effect also pains in the chest is.